The article about the pencycuron

Use of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Varietal Resistance to Manage Bean Fly (Ophiomyia Spp.) and other Arthropod Pests of Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) at Mwea- Tebere, Central Kenya | Mendeley

A study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of some neonicotinoid formulations used in snap bean as seed dressing and soil drench against snap bean pests. The study also evaluated some commercial varieties for resistance to the key snap bean pests. The study was done in Mwea, Central Kenya an area where most of small scale export snap beans are grown. The study consisted of two experiments carried out from December 2009 to January 2011. In the first experiment, four neonicotinoid seed dressing (Gaucho, Pencycuron, Cruiser, Apron Star) and two soil drench formulations (Actara and Confidor) were tested on Amy variety. Untreated plots were included as control. Twenty one plots were set up in three blocks in a randomised complete block design. Seed dressing chemicals were applied on site just before planting whereas the soil drenching chemicals were applied twice on the third and 13th day after emergence. In the second experiment seven commercial snap bean varieties were tested: Amy, Alexandra, Bravo, Serengeti, Paulista, Tana and Mara. The treatments consisted of each variety being grown with and without a pesticide (Confidor). Forty two plots were set up in a split plot design with Confidor pesticide forming the main plots and variety the sub-plots. Data was collected weekly on number of bean fly maggots, whitefly nymphs, bean fly ovipunture marks, number of thrips on leaves and flowers and finally on pod yield. The number of bean fly maggots was significantly (P<0.001) lower in plots treated with Confidor, Actara, Gaucho, Pencycuron and Cruiser than Apron Star and non-treated control. Plots treated with Confidor and Actara had significantly (P<0.001) lower bean fly infestations and gave the highest yield (P<0.001). After economic analysis Cruiser, Apron Star and Pencycuron had the highest marginal returns of 1.82, 1.60 and 1.24 respectively while Actara (-0.11) and Gaucho (0.24) had the lowest marginal returns. Thus neonicotinoid treatment with Cruiser, Pencycuron or Confidor in snap bean can effectively reduce bean fly menace and increase yields thus offering great benefits to snap bean growers. Therefore, growers must choose the best formulation to use based on effectiveness and financial returns. On host plant resistance, the number of plants was significant (P=0.001) as well as marketable (P=0.001) and total pod yields (P=0.001). Alexandra and Serengeti variety had higher plant stand and yields than Amy variety, the commonly grown variety in Mwea. Treatment with Confidor further enhanced response. Some degree of resistance was noticed in Alexandria and Serengeti varieties against bean fly which was enhanced by treatment with Confidor. Resistance to other pests was not apparent. Alexandria and Serengeti varieties could be recommended to snap bean growers in areas like Mwea which experience high pest infestation. For effective protection against snap bean pests use of safe pesticides should be integrated with resistant varieties in the production system

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