Use of fungicides such as pencycuron

Fungicides are not applied to ware tubers prior to storage for control of black scurf.　Instead, fungicide treatment of seed, with products containing pencycuron or tolclofos-methyl, has given excellent protection of developing sprouts from both seed and soil-borne inoculum.　
However, corresponding increases in yield are rare.　Tolclofos-methyl was detected in one sample in the PRC survey of salad potatoes in 1995, but pencycuron has not been sought.

The fungicide azoxystrobin applied to the soil at planting has been shown to give effective reduction of black dot and black scurf, and it has recently been granted full approval following two seasons’ commercial use under an off-label approval (SOLA).　Azoxystrobin was not　looked for in the 2003 and 2004 PRC surveys.　However, residues are apparently being found by industry.　

Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.

Soil persistence studies with [14C]dicamba, propanil and bromoxynil in herbicidal mixtures

By: Axel Hengefeld and Reinhard Nast
The persistence of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), [14C]dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic-7-14C acid) and propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propionamide] at rates equivalent to 1 kg ha−1, were studied under Laboratory conditions in a clay loam, a heavy clay and a sandy loam at 85% of field capacity and at 20±1 degree, both singly and in the presence of herbicides normally applied with these chemicals as tank-mix or split-mix components.

Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.

Chinese apples to be checked for pesticides in Vietnam

At a meeting in Ha Noi yesterday, June 18, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam directed the Plant Protection Department to promptly have official information regarding the tainted wrapping paper of Chinese apples. Teams may be sent to China for trustworthy information.
Increased checks on Fuji apples imported from China should be an urgent task, Minister Cao Duc Phat said.
Chinese media reported last week that papers used to wrap the apples were coated with the pesticides Tuzet and arsenic fungicide, which cause harm to human health.
The pesticides are meant to protect the surface of the apples and keep out diseases that could hurt the crop yield.
The department"s director Nguyen Xuan Hong said wrapping apples from the time they are young until they are ripe was common, but keeping them in pesticide bags was barred.
He also said Chinese officials had collected 2.7 million fruit wrapping bags, and closed down violated bag manufacturers.
The department has guided two testing centres to get samples of Fuji apples sold in Ha Noi and HCM City for testing. The results will be provided to the department in the next four days.
Hong also said that the number of apples imported from China was not high at this time, while the import soared between October and March.
China is the world"s biggest supplier of Fuji apples, with 40 per cent of the global supply.
The department also said that checks on imported fruit and vegetables since earlier this year showed that 105 out of 415 samples tested contained residue of 24 different chemicals, but all were at allowable levels.

Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.

About pencycuron： an evaluation of pesticide stress induced proteins in three cyanobacterial species-anabaena fertilissima, aulosira fertilissima and westiellopsis prolifica using sds-page

By :Nirmal Kumar, J.I., Anubhuti Bora,Manmeet Kaur Amb and Rita N. Kumar
The whole-cell protein-profiling technique was evaluated for studying differences in banding pattern of three different species of Cyanobacteria i.e.　Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima and　Westiellopsis prolifica under the influence of four different pesticides-2,4-D (Ethyl Ester of 2,4-Dichloro Phenoxy Acetic Acid), Pencycuron (N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-N-cyclopentyl-N"–phenylurea), Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide) and Tebuconazole (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol).　
Whole-cell extracts were obtained by sonication treatment (Sonifier cell disruptor -Branson Digital Sonifier S-450D, USA) and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). SDS-PAGE analyses of the total protein profile of　An. fertilissima, Au. fertilissima and W.prolifica showed a linear decrease in the protein content with increasing pesticide stress when administered to different concentrations of 2, 4-D, Pencycuron, Endosulfan and Tebuconazole. The results indicate that different stressors exert specific effects on cyanobacterial protein synthesis. Analysis of whole-cell protein profiles was shown to be a relatively simple,easy, and reproducible procedure for the reliable and fast differentiation and identification of the cyanobacterial species

Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.

Dicamba, stress, and distorted soybean leaves

by Bob Hartzler, Department of Agronomy

A fairly common occurrence in late June and July is the appearance of distorted leaves on soybean plants. The most common cause of this response is exposure to a growth regulator herbicide (2,4-D; dicamba; etc.). Dicamba is the most commonly used growth regulator herbicide in Iowa crop production, and is present in numerous products (Banvel, Clarity, Marksman, Distinct, Status, and many others).
Soybeans may be exposed to dicamba in three ways: spray particle drift, vapor drift (volatilization), and sprayer contamination. Injury from spray drift or sprayer contamination usually is fairly straightforward in diagnosing, but questions often arise regarding volatilization. Volatilization occurs when dicamba is sprayed, lands on the target site, but later evaporates and moves from the treated field. The potential for volatilization is affected by many factors. As temperatures exceed 85 °F, the threat of volatilization increases.　
Dicamba is more likely to evaporate off corn leaves than soil, so the risk increases with late applications of dicamba to corn since more product will be intercepted by corn leaves. Risk of volatilization varies among dicamba formulations, with the dimethlyamine salt (Banvel) greater than the diglycolamine salt (Clarity) or sodium salt (Distinct, Status). Studies have shown that the majority of volatilization occurs within 2-3 days of application. Determining the potential for yield impact from growth regulator herbicides shortly after exposure is difficult, but if only two or three leaves show slight distortion, it is likely yields will not be affected. Studies found that if soybean height at the end of the season was not affected, then yields usually were not affected by dicamba exposure.It generally is accepted that occasionally soybeans will develop symptoms similar to that of growth regulator herbicides in the absence of the herbicide. These symptoms typically occur during stress or periods of rapid fluctuating weather. Under these conditions, the symptoms typically appear uniformly across a field, rather than displaying a spray or drift pattern. With this type of response, the cupping is relatively minor and limited to one or two leaves.


Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.

China ABACHEM to set foot in pesticide business

Source:Agropages.com

According to a bulletin of board of directors of ABA Chemicals (ABACHEM), a Chinese chemicals manufacturer, ABACHEM plans to launch a J/V with Jiangsu JIANNONG Agrochemical Co., Ltd., (Jiangsu JIANNONG), a pesticide manufacturer in Jiangsu Province.
ABACHEM plans to make an investment of RMB100 million Yuan (cash and less than RMB10 million Yuan equivalent equipment) for a 75% controlling share while Jiangsu JIANNONG contributes its trademark, patent, know-how and part of equipment which are evaluated to be RMB33.33 million Yuan for a 25% share. As per the agreement, Jiangsu JIANNONG is obliged to transfer its pesticide production-oriented qualification, trademark, domain name, all related businesses and majority of employees to the J/V.
ABACHEM was established in 2006, specializing in production of premium intermediates and APIs mainly in the contract-manufacturing manner. The company has built up its cooperative relations with world-prime pharmaceutical and pesticide enterprises, now the main pesticide intermediate business of ABACHEM is to supply BPP to DuPont. BPP is an advanced intermediate of chlorantraniliprole, a novel pesticide.
Jiangsu JIANNONG was established in 2001, mainly produces agrochemicals of several major series over 30 varieties including insecticide, fungicide, plant growth regulator, herbicide and fine chemicals which are quite popular in the market home and abroad, backed up by its known brand image and broad marketing channels.
As regards to future operations, the J/V will inherit all customer portfolio and marketing channels from Jiangsu JIANNONG while integrating ABACHEM’s pesticide contract-manufacturing advantage to target at novel and high-efficient pesticide market and be dedicated to becoming China’s leading pesticide technical and product formulation contract-manufacturing provider.

Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.

Abtou pencycuron: Identification, Infection Process and Telemorph Formation of the Pathogen of Chinese Amaranth Leaf Spot in Taiwan

A new leaf spot disease of Chinese amaranth (Amaranth mangotanus L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani was frequently observed at the so-called organic farms in Taiwan during the summer season. The hyphae of RSA-03 and RSA-09 isolates obtained from Chinese amaranth leaf spot were able to anastomose in high frequency (> 70%) with R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB (ATCC 76124), but in low frequency (< 5%) with R. solani AG 2-1 (ATCC 76168), AG 2-2 IV (ATCC 76125), AG 2-3 (R6) and AG BI (ATCC 76132). When five isolates from Chinese amaranth leaf spot were respectively cultured in liquid glucose asparagine (GA) medium with or without thiamine-HCl, they were auxtrophic for thiamine-HCl and more closely resembled the ATCC 76124 isolate of R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of RSA-09 isolate from Chinese amaranth leaf spot was similar to one of R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB (ATCC 76124). Inoculation tests revealed that both RSA-03 and RSA-09 from Chinese amaranth leaf spot and R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB (ATCC 76124) were pathogenic to Chinese amaranth. Based on the anastomosis, thiamine-HCl requirement, growth temperature, and pathogenicity tests, the isolates from Chinese amaranth leaf spot were recommended as R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB. According to Koch’s postulates tests, it was proved that the Chinese amaranth leaf spot was caused by the basidiospores of T. cucumeris, the telemorph of R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB. The basidiospores (105 spore/ml) of the pathogen were sprayed to leaf surface of Chinese amaranth. The inoculated plants were put in the moist chamber at 28℃. Primary lesions appeared as small, circular water-soaked spots on leaves of Chinese amaranth six days after inoculation. After additional incubation, claw-like lesions growing out from the primary lesions expanded into the leaves tissues and caused secondary lesions with large-sized irregular necrotic spots. When Chinese amaranth leaves were inoculated, basidiospores of the pathogen germinated and penetrated into the epidermal cell walls nine hours after inoculation. Mass mycelia were formed 18hrs after inoculation, then development of mass mycelia into stroma-like structure 21hrs after inoculation. In the study, Naito’s soil-over-culture method for production of hymenia was modified. It was found that the peat moss and soil-over culture method (PSC method) was much more effective in producing hymenia of T. cucumeris RSA-03 and RSA-09. The procedures of PSC method were as follows: (1) to inoculate the fungus onto potato- yeast extract-dextrose agar plate in a 9-cm petri dish, (2) to incubate at 28℃for 4 days until the fungal colony covered the agar plate surface, (3) the agar plate surface was covered with 90ml soil [included 40% (v/v) BVB No. 4 peat moss and maintained the soil moisture at 40 ~ 50% (v/v)], (4) experiments were kept in moist chamber. After 4-day-incubation hymenial formation was observed. The PSC method was suitable for hymenial formation of the pathogen and able to markedly produce 3-4 fold hymenial amount compared to Naito’s soil-over-culture method. The factors affecting hymenial formation of the pathogen included temperature, humidity, light, aeration, and culture substrate. The temperatures were favorable for R. solani RSA-03 and RSA-09 hymenial formation at 24 ~ 28℃and the covered soil was at pH 5 ~ 7. The amendments of covered soil with various organic and inorganic materials, antagonists, and fungicides did significantly influence the hymenia formation of T. cucumeris RSA-03 and RSA-09. The hymenia of the fungus were completely inhibited in the covered soils amended with 1﹪(v/v) fish meal, tea seed pomace and chinaberry meal. Amendments of covered soil with Stretomyces padanus PMS-702, S. sioyaensis PMS-502, S. saraceticus SS-31 and S. misionensis PMS 101 also inhibited hymenial formation, but Bacillus pumilus PMB-102, B. thermoglucosidasius PMB-101 and B. subtilis BS-001 did not. The fungicides, mancozeb, benomyl, carbendazim, flutolanil, PCNB, iprodione and pencycuron were significantly effective in inhibiting the hymenial formation.

Yangzhou pioneer chemical CO.,LTD.