Scientific use of pesticides to control diseases, pests and weeds of the key technologies

In daily production, often occur due to improper use of pesticides, and even abuse, indiscriminate use of pesticides in crop injury caused by human and animal casualties and other accidents. Timely information security, a reasonable knowledge of pesticide use is necessary. In the use of pesticides to control diseases, pests and weeds on the one hand to get the best possible control effect, we must also take into account to prevent or mitigate the side effects of pesticides, but also consider the safety of people and livestock, the author in this area The key technology for the following description.
　　1 Symptomatic pesticide
　　Do the right remedy, is the key to achieve good control effect. Otherwise, not only ineffective, but also a waste of pesticides, control delay time, agricultural production losses. We must first understand the field is the disease or pests occurred, what was wrong or what insects. Then learn the ingredients of pesticides purchased, properties, uses. If divisible, fipronil, chlorpyrifos, abamectin is a pest control; carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, triadimefon and so is the disease prevention; addition to Lufthansa net, acetochlor, high haloxyfop, grass Shu, Roundup and others are weeding. Limited control agents, absolutely no "panacea." For example Decis can prevent a variety of pests on cotton, but cotton spider is invalid. High Gallant control grass weeds Alopecurus good effect, but not on Control in broad-leaved weeds. If medication errors, not only can not achieve the desired control effect, or even cause more damage than the insect pest. Therefore, the object must be selected according to the corresponding appropriate prevention and control of pesticides, so as to give full play to their performance of pharmaceutical.
　　2 Attention to pest and disease control targets
　In the agricultural sector under the guidance of fitness loss of pest and pesticide spraying to consider the cost, human relationship, which help protect fields and natural enemies. Do not saw disease, insects spraying. Crop growth period, a small number of lesions can be seen at any time and pests, should be based on the development of pest and crop progress and variety of pesticides in the agricultural sector under the guidance of medication. Saw damage to field a pest control treatment is often not necessary. Because each insect pest, the control must reach a certain target, only the necessary medication control. Not reach the control index, indicating that drug control unnecessary, even if the drug can be taken to pick the governance approach, minimizing the cost of agricultural inputs. Indicators such as rice pest control: planthoppers: young nymphs per cluster 1000 (tillering stage), 1500 (heading); medinalis: 100 young larvae per cluster (tillering), 50 (booting period); SSB: sheath blight of each group hm2 1200; Borer: egg number per hm2 1800; sheath blight: disease cluster rate of 20%. Cotton pest control indicators: cotton spider mites are mite strain rate of 15%; cotton mirids one hundred worm volume 3; cotton bollworm one hundred young larvae 10; clover aphid Aphis one hundred volume of 10,000; litura one hundred newly hatched larvae of a nest cluster larvae to pick pest nest mainly in the larval pre-diffusion control; cotton thrips top heart rate of 20% of victims .
　　 3Suitable period of pesticide
　Appropriate prevention and treatment of spraying is one of the key insect pest, in pest control, it is usually the young of the pest, likely to be killed in this period, such as Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and other general promotion of drugs before age 3, 3rd instar larvae of resistant and weak before, prevention is better. Habits of the pests on a boring, boring pests should be before the medication, such as the yellow rice borer, pink bollworm and so on. In terms of disease, for protective fungicides, crop disease should be sprayed before or early onset, such as rice blast should break before the 3-5d spraying prevention; false smut should break before the 7-lOd spraying top prevention. In weed, the weed in the bud and the primary stage, more sensitive to insecticides, should be in the embryonic or seedling weed spraying, after gradually increased with the growth of Resistance.
　　4 Amount of medication
　Master the use of pesticides must be accurate dose and can not increase or decrease. Application of pesticides currently in the process, some simple and engaging, dispensing without measuring, the number of allowed; free treatment to increase the number of pesticide dose and increasing phenomenon is quite common, it is not only a waste of pesticides, increase costs and undermine the field of natural enemies, and Increasing environmental pollution, and some have also lead to crop injury, and enhanced resistance to diseases and insect pests.
　　5 Medicine rotation
　A (or class) of continuous use of pesticides in the same area for many years, the grass will be resistant to pests, resulting in decreased control effect. If the past is a local control planthopper Imidacloprid leading products in 2005, a local outbreak planthopper, many farmers reaction efficiency of imidacloprid against Nilaparvata lugens ineffective, the suspect produced a brown planthopper resistance to imidacloprid. After the pesticide by the Department of Nanjing Agricultural University and other experts, Professor Jin-Liang Shen tissues of patients with confirmed BPH does imidacloprid resistance to them. Therefore, we should note that the rotation of pesticide use. Year, frequency of use of each type of agent no more than 2 times, can reduce the production of pest resistance. To this end, rational use of pesticides must be emphasized that the rotation used. Such as organic phosphorus bollworm control, pyrethroid, carbamate pesticide rotation.
　　 6Master application techniques
Use of chemical pesticides and application methods should be considered part of. Pest damage stems and leaves usually with spray; control of soil pests is by seed dressing, soil or poison bait method. Different pests in different parts often damage crops, such as the lower part of planthopper feeding in rice, the main damage, so the lower part of rice plants sprayed area should be the focus. Cotton spider mite damage in the dorsal, spraying liquid to be sprayed when the leaves on the back. Be careful not to damage control weeds of crops, spraying is best to use cover to prevent the liquid to splash around. Therefore, when spraying must be uniform and thoughtful, not heavy jet spray does not leak, so that strong winds, heavy rain is not applied pesticides, pesticides applied to avoid the midday heat sunny periods. Summer is best applied pesticides or before 9:00 pm 17: After the most appropriate to the evening, each applied pesticides less than 3h. To ensure that achieve good control effect.
　　 7 Practice strict compliance with pesticides
　　Preparation of pesticides, prohibit the use of cap down drug use scale with a scale or measuring cup straw dispensing. Prohibit the use of drinking water dispensing barrel. Sheng syrup barrels prohibited direct go down, lower river, the pool water, stir the liquid ban hand. Dispensing wear protective equipment, such as masks, latex gloves, plastic film aprons. Windward side of the people must stand against all the toxic smoke in vivo. Spraying pesticides in the field, should adhere to the wind interlaced spraying, stop eating, no smoking, wash hands after pesticide applied, bath, locker, sprayers should be washed clean, unused pesticides shall be properly kept and so on. In addition, children, pregnant women and lactating women should not spray pesticides or direct exposure to toxic solvents.
　　 8 Attention to environmental protection
Packaging after use of pesticides, must handle, it should not discard, to prevent pollution of the surrounding water, to protect their own immediate environment.


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