About pencycuron: Action mode Fungicide chemical group Common name

Action mode Fungicide chemical group Common name Nontarget effects Lipid, sterol, and other membrane components Lipid Aromatic hydrocarbons Dicloran Mutagen to Salmonella typhimurium [12] Etridiazole Retards nitrification by affecting ammonium oxidizers [13] Sterol Triazoles Triadimefon Long-term inhibiting effects on soil bacterial community [7] Triticonazole Increases total number of bacteria in soil [15] Cinnamic acid amide Dimethomorph Impacts nitrifying and ammonifying bacterial activities in sandy soils [17] Triazole Hexaconazole Impacts bacterial activities related to N cycling [19] Morpholine Fenpropimorph Inhibit general bacterial activity in wetland [16] Triazole Propiconazole Tebuconazole May retard plant-growth-promoting effects of Azospirillum brasilense on its hostplant [20] Intracellular membrane components Hydrochloride Acriflavine Thickens peripheral and cross cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus [18] Amino acid and protein synthesis Glucopyranosyl antibiotic Streptomycin Inhibits amino acid synthesis in bacteria [3] and is neurotoxic to amphibian [4] Tetracycline antibiotic Oxytetracycline Also used as bactericide [21] Signal transduction Phenylpyrroles Fludioxonil Toxic to algae [22] and potential risk to prokaryotes [23] Dicarboximides Iprodione Affects signal transduction in bacteria [24] Vinclozolin Inhibits total bacterial growth [25] Respiration NADH oxido-reductase (Complex I) inhibitors Pyrimidinamines Diflumetorim Unknown Succinate- dehydrogenase (Complex II) inhibitors Pyridine carboxamides Boscalid May affect growth of prokaryotes [26] Benzamides Flutolanil Gxathiin carboxamides Carboxin Inhibits denitrifying bacterial activity in wetland sediment [16] Oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers 2,6-dinitroanilines Fluazinam Have a potential risk to environmental microorganisms [27] Dinitrophenyl crotonate Dinocap Inhibits ammonifying bacterial activity and stimulate general bacterial respiration in soil [28] Mitosis and cell division Inhibitor of spindle microtubules assembly Methyl benzimidazole carbamate Benomyl May affect nitrifying bacteria [29] and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [30] Carbendazim Reduces the diversity of soil bacteria [31] Phenylurea Pencycuron May affect metabolically activated soil bacteria in short term [32]4 ISRN Ecology Table 1: Continued. Action mode Fungicide chemical group Common name Nontarget effects Nucleic acids synthesis RNA polymerase I inhibitors Acylalanines Metalaxyl Affects activities of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria in soil [33] Oxazolidinones Oxadixyl Unknown Adenosin- deaminase inhibitors Hydroxypyrimidines Ethirimol Unknown Phthalonitrile Chlorothalonil Impacts bacterial activities related to N cycling [29] Multisite activity Dithiocarbamate Mancozeb Impacts bacterial activities related to nitrogen cycling [17] and carbon cycling [28] in soils Phthalimide CaptanI nhibits denitrifying bacterial Dithiocarbamate Thiramactivity [16] Anthraquinone Dithianon Reduces bacterial diversity in soil [34] Copper Copper sulfate Reduces the number of bacteria and streptomycetes in sandy soil [35]  

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